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Updated: Feb 27, 2026

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Interpretation of α-Pinene Mass Spectra in APCI-Like Ambient Mass Spectrometry Using GC-Coupled Atmospheric Pressure
Ren Ishihara1, Daisuke Fukuyama1, Kanako Sekimoto1
1Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan.
Abstract:
Ambient mass spectrometry (AMS) enables real-time analysis without sample preparation, yet atmospheric pressure corona discharge ionization (APCI)-like ion sources can oxidize analytes in-source, obscuring spectral interpretation. We investigated α-pinene using atmospheric pressure corona discharge ionization mass spectrometry (APCDI-MS; one of APCI-like AMS) and, when needed, coupled gas chromatography (GC) to separate pre-existing oxidation products from species formed inside the ion source. By comparing adduct formation and product-ion patterns, we show that oxygenated ions from primary (pre-source) and secondary (in-source) oxidation display similar ion formation behavior, notably ready NH4 +-adduct formation, whereas fragment ions rarely form NH4 + adducts. GC-based characterization of in-source oxidation provides features that assist interpretation of APCI-like AMS spectra acquired without chromatography.
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