Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 28, 2026

A Novel in vivo Gene Transfer Technique and in vitro Cell Based Assays for the Study of Bone Loss in Musculoskeletal Disorders
Published on: June 8, 2014
Female reproductive factors, genetic susceptibility and incident osteoporosis risk
Zhong-Qiang Liu1, Yu-Jun Xiong2, Xiao Yu3
1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xinyang Central Hospital, Xinyang, P.R. China.
Objective:
Osteoporosis risk is shaped by both reproductive factors and genetic predisposition, yet their combined effects remain insufficiently studied.
Method:
A total of 49,885 women from the UK Biobank were analyzed, excluding those with baseline osteoporosis or missing reproductive data. Reproductive factors included age at menarche, menopause time/status, history of stillbirth, hysterectomy, oophorectomy and oral contraceptive (OC) use. Genetic susceptibility was assessed using the polygenic risk score (PRS). Cox models estimated associations, with restricted cubic splines testing non-linear trends. Kaplan-Meier curves and sensitivity analyses were performed.
Results:
Late menarche, premature ovarian insufficiency, menopausal status, stillbirth, hysterectomy and oophorectomy were linked to higher osteoporosis risk, while OC use was protective. Women with high PRS combined with adverse reproductive histories had the greatest risk. Additive interactions were evident between genetic risk and menopause, stillbirth, hysterectomy and oophorectomy, whereas other factors acted largely independently. Sensitivity analyses supported robustness.
Conclusion:
Both reproductive history and genetic susceptibility contribute to osteoporosis risk in women. Joint assessment of these factors may enhance risk stratification and inform personalized prevention.
More Related Videos
05:32Author Spotlight: Investigating the Relationship Between FSH and Pathophysiological Changes in Perimenopausal Women - Insights from a Mouse Model
Published on: August 11, 2023
13:04In Vivo and Ex Vivo Approaches to Study Ovarian Cancer Metastatic Colonization of Milky Spot Structures in Peritoneal Adipose
Published on: October 14, 2015
Related Concept Videos
Oogenesis
Oogenesis
Each primary oocyte is surrounded by a layer of pre-granulosa cells, forming what is...
Bone Disorders
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
Disorders of the Female Reproductive System
Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu
Bone Remodeling