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Temperature Measurement Sites

Temperature Measurement Sites

A thermometer measures body temperature. The common sites for measuring body temperature are the oral cavity, axillary region, temporal artery, and skin surface, such as the forehead, abdomen, and axilla. True core body temperature is assessed in the rectum, tympanic membrane, pulmonary artery, esophagus, and urinary bladder.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 27, 2026

Non-invasive Optical Measurement of Cerebral Metabolism and Hemodynamics in Infants

Non-invasive Optical Measurement of Cerebral Metabolism and Hemodynamics in Infants

Published on: March 14, 2013

Evaluation of Probe Positioning Effects on Optical Parameters in Neonatal Forehead Time-Resolved Spectroscopy

Yoko Tadatomo^1,2, Kota Inoue¹, Tomohito Nakayama³

¹Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Takamatsu 760-0016, Kagawa, Japan.

|February 26, 2026

Summary

The midline forehead is optimal for neonatal cerebral monitoring using time-resolved spectroscopy (TRS). While key measures like total hemoglobin and oxygen saturation were consistent, the midline offered more stable scattering and optical path data for reliable monitoring.

Keywords:

neonate probe positioning time-resolved spectroscopy

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Area of Science:

Medical Physics
Neonatal Physiology
Biomedical Optics

Background:

Time-resolved spectroscopy (TRS) offers noninvasive cerebral monitoring for neonates.
Optimal probe placement for TRS in neonates requires further investigation.
Understanding optical parameter variations with probe site is crucial for accurate neonatal monitoring.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the impact of probe positioning on TRS-derived optical parameters in neonates.
To compare measurements from the midline and lateral forehead sites.
To determine the most suitable forehead location for neonatal cerebral monitoring using TRS.

Main Methods:

TRS measurements were conducted on 30 neonates (≥36 weeks' corrected gestational age).
Data was collected from both the midline and right lateral forehead.
Key optical parameters including intensity, attenuation, path length, scattering, total hemoglobin (tHb), cerebral oxygen saturation (ScO2), and cerebral blood volume (CBV) were analyzed.

Main Results:

No significant differences in tHb, ScO2, or CBV were found between midline and lateral sites.
The lateral site exhibited a significantly lower scattering coefficient and shorter mean optical path length.
Increased light intensity and reduced attenuation were observed at the lateral site compared to the midline.

Conclusions:

While physiological parameters (tHb, ScO2, CBV) are consistent across sites, the midline forehead provides more stable scattering and optical path length data.
The midline forehead is suggested as a more suitable site for reliable TRS-based neonatal cerebral monitoring.
These findings can optimize TRS probe placement protocols for neonatal intensive care units.