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Hypertriglyceridaemia-Associated Acute Pancreatitis: Risk Stratification, Drivers, and Prevention of Recurrence
Federica Fogacci1,2, Arrigo F G Cicero1,3
1Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk Factors Research Centre, Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40100 Bologna, Italy.
Diseases (Basel, Switzerland)
|February 26, 2026
Summary
Severe hypertriglyceridaemia is a major cause of acute pancreatitis. Management involves rapid reduction, lifestyle changes, and new RNA-targeted therapies for prevention.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Metabolic Disorders
- Gastroenterology
Background:
- Hypertriglyceridaemia is a common cause of acute pancreatitis, particularly when triglyceride levels exceed 10 mmol/L.
- Risk is elevated at lower levels with chylomicronaemia, metabolic stress, or pregnancy.
- Understanding genetic vs. acquired causes is crucial for management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current evidence on hypertriglyceridaemia and acute pancreatitis.
- To discuss epidemiological, mechanistic, and management aspects.
- To highlight emerging therapies for severe hypertriglyceridaemia.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of contemporary evidence.
- Synthesis of data on epidemiology and pathophysiology.
- Summary of acute and long-term management strategies.
Main Results:
- Triglyceride levels >10 mmol/L significantly increase pancreatitis risk.
- Distinguishing genetic and secondary causes informs treatment.
- Insulin, therapeutic plasma exchange, lifestyle changes, and pharmacotherapy are key management tools.
Conclusions:
- Effective management of hypertriglyceridaemia is vital for preventing acute pancreatitis recurrence.
- Emerging RNA-targeted therapies show promise for high-risk patients.
- A multi-faceted approach is necessary for optimal patient outcomes.
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