Clinical Evaluation of Neonatal Arrhythmias: Experience from a Specialized Pediatric Cardiac Center

Neonatal arrhythmias, though relatively uncommon, can range from benign self-limiting conditions to life-threatening disorders requiring intensive management. Data on their clinical spectrum, management, and outcomes remain limited. This study aimed to evaluate the types, frequency, clinical characteristics, treatment strategies, and prognosis of neonatal arrhythmias in a tertiary pediatric cardiac center. We retrospectively reviewed neonates diagnosed with arrhythmia within the first 28 days of life at Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital between 1 January 2021 and 1 May 2025. Demographic data, electrocardiographic and echocardiographic findings, treatment modalities, recurrence, morbidity, and mortality were analyzed. Patients were categorized as having benign or non-benign arrhythmias. A total of 65 neonates (57% male, mean weight 3.2 kg) were included. Non-benign arrhythmias were more frequent (77%) compared to benign arrhythmias (23%). Supraventricular tachycardia (35%) was the most common non-benign arrhythmia, followed by long QT syndrome (10.7%) and complete atrioventricular block (9.2%). Antiarrhythmic therapy was required in 55% of patients. Pacemaker implantation was performed in seven infants with conduction disorders. Recurrence occurred in 3% of cases, exclusively among patients with supraventricular tachycardia. During a median follow-up of 12.8 months, no mortality was observed. Prenatal diagnosis and early management contribute to favorable outcomes, as reflected in the absence of mortality in this cohort. Larger, prospective studies are warranted to define optimal management strategies and treatment durations for neonatal arrhythmias.