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Related Concept Videos

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The submergence tolerance regulator SUB1A differentially coordinates molecular adaptation to submergence in mature and growing leaves of rice (Oryza sativa L.).

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 27, 2026

Production of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) Fungal Inoculum and Phenotypic Evaluation of Rice and AM Symbiosis Under Saline Conditions
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Toward Dual-Stage Flood Resilience: Merging Anaerobic Germination and Submergence Tolerance in Rice.

Sagar Lamsal1, Haru Hirano1, Takeshi Fukao1

  • 1Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University, Fukui 910-1195, Japan.

Journal of Experimental Botany
|February 26, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Flooding tolerance in rice involves distinct strategies for anaerobic germination (AG) and vegetative submergence (SubTol). Breeding for flood resilience requires integrating these stage-specific mechanisms for improved crop performance.

Keywords:
Oryza sativaSUB1AAnaerobic germinationcis-regulatory editingfloodinggenomic selectionhormonesstage-specific breedingsubmergence tolerance

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Agronomy
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Flooding poses a significant threat to rice (Oryza sativa L.) at critical growth stages, impacting crop yield.
  • Rice has evolved sophisticated, stage-specific tolerance mechanisms to survive flood conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize mechanistic insights into rice flood tolerance strategies.
  • To establish design principles for breeding flood-resilient rice varieties.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of molecular pathways regulating anaerobic germination (AG) and submergence tolerance (SubTol).
  • Investigating key signaling cascades (e.g., CBL4-CIPK15-SnRK1A-MYBS1, SUB1A) and hormone crosstalk (ABA, auxin, ethylene, gibberellin).
  • Review of breeding approaches including marker-assisted introgression, genomic selection, and genome editing.

Main Results:

  • AG utilizes escape-by-elongation via starch mobilization and trehalose-6-phosphate (Tre6P) tuning.
  • SubTol relies on SUB1A to regulate gibberellin signaling, conserve carbohydrates, and modulate hormone pathways.
  • Convergent control points include energy signaling (Tre6P/SnRK1A), hormone crosstalk, and metabolic preparedness.

Conclusions:

  • Breeding strategies should focus on stage-specific module deployment, context-dependent carbohydrate economy, and minimizing pleiotropic effects.
  • Integrated approaches using marker-assisted introgression, genomic selection, and genome editing can develop dual-stage, flood-resilient rice for direct seeding and variable climates.