Sulfoxaflor and Flupyradifurone: Efficacy, Residue Dynamics, and Dietary Risk Assessment in Cudrania tricuspidata

This study explored the efficacy, residue dynamics, and dietary risks of sulfoxaflor and flupyradifurone in Cudrania tricuspidata. Following two applications, residue levels of sulfoxaflor and flupyradifurone decreased from 0.254 to 0.012 mg/kg and 0.732 to 0.016 mg/kg, respectively, over a period of 22 days. The half-lives (t_1/2) in fruits and leaves ranged from 7.0 to 13.6 days. LC-MS/MS analysis showed recovery rates of 79.8-94.9% and RSD < 8.5%. Both pesticides effectively controlled hemipteran pests, reducing aphid and spotted lanternfly populations by >90%. Acute and chronic dietary risk assessments indicated acute hazard index (aHI) and chronic hazard quotient (HQ) values remarkably < 1, suggesting a negligible health risk. According to these results, sulfoxaflor and flupyradifurone have recently been registered as pesticides for C. tricuspidata against hemipteran pests, with a recommended pre-harvest interval of 7 days, as projected residue levels (0.078-5.213 mg/kg) were below established maximum residue limits (MRLs). These findings indicate a low dietary risk associated with sulfoxaflor and flupyradifurone in C. tricuspidata when applied according to the evaluated application rates and pre-harvest interval.