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Updated: Feb 27, 2026

The Immersive Cleveland Clinic Virtual Reality Shopping Platform for the Assessment of Instrumental Activities of Daily Living

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Published on: July 28, 2022

Virtual Reality in Chronic Conditions: An Umbrella Review.

Ilaria Marcomini¹, Giulia Villa¹, Laura Ingrande¹

¹Center for Nursing Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy.

Nursing Reports (Pavia, Italy)

|February 26, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Virtual reality (VR) shows promise for improving physical, respiratory, and psychological outcomes in chronic conditions. This review synthesizes evidence, suggesting VR

Keywords:

chronic conditions non-pharmacological interventions rehabilitation umbrella review virtual reality

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Area of Science:

Rehabilitation Medicine
Digital Health
Chronic Disease Management

Background:

Virtual reality (VR) is an emerging non-pharmacological intervention for rehabilitation and self-management in chronic conditions.
Existing evidence on VR's effectiveness is fragmented, necessitating a comprehensive synthesis.
This umbrella review addresses the need for consolidated evidence on VR interventions for individuals with chronic diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

To synthesize existing systematic reviews and meta-analyses evaluating the efficacy of virtual reality interventions in chronic conditions.
To consolidate fragmented evidence to inform the integration of VR into chronic care pathways.

Main Methods:

Conducted a comprehensive umbrella review following the Joanna Briggs Institute Manual for Evidence Synthesis.
Searched major databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, Cochrane, Web of Science, Scopus) for systematic reviews and meta-analyses.
Two independent reviewers performed study screening, quality appraisal, and data extraction.

Main Results:

Analyzed 17 systematic reviews encompassing 229 primary studies, with stroke and COPD being most studied.
VR interventions demonstrated significant improvements in respiratory outcomes, functional mobility, balance, and psychological symptoms.
Adverse events, primarily cybersickness and dizziness, were generally mild; cognitive effects were mixed.

Conclusions:

Virtual reality interventions show potential for enhancing physical, respiratory, psychological, and certain cognitive outcomes in chronic conditions.
Evidence supports the integration of VR into chronic care, despite heterogeneity in study protocols and outcomes.
Future research should focus on standardizing protocols, evaluating long-term effects, expanding target populations, and addressing equity and ethical considerations.