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P-N junction

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A p-n junction is formed when p-type and n-type semiconductor materials are joined together. At the interface of the p-n junction, holes from the p-side and electrons from the n-side begin to diffuse into the opposite sides due to the concentration gradient. This diffusion of carriers leads to a region around the junction where there are no free charge carriers, known as the depletion region. The charge density within the depletion region for the n-side and p-side can be described by the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 27, 2026

Flash Infrared Annealing for Perovskite Solar Cell Processing

Flash Infrared Annealing for Perovskite Solar Cell Processing

Published on: February 3, 2021

Sulfadiazine Interface Layer-Multisite Passivation and Energy Level Regulation for Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells.

Xinyi Wu¹, Wenjing Peng¹, Yanrui Yang¹

¹Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advance Functional Materials and Devices, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

|February 26, 2026

Summary

Sulfadiazine (SD) improves perovskite solar cells (PSCs) by acting as an interface layer, enhancing hole transport and passivating defects. This leads to a 23.27% power conversion efficiency and improved thermal stability.

Keywords:

interface layer multisite passivation perovskite solar cells self-assembled molecules sulfadiazine

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Developing High Performance GaP/Si Heterojunction Solar Cells

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Developing High Performance GaP/Si Heterojunction Solar Cells

Developing High Performance GaP/Si Heterojunction Solar Cells

Published on: November 16, 2018

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Renewable Energy
Nanotechnology

Background:

Self-assembled molecules (SAMs) are crucial as hole-selective layers (HSLs) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs).
Challenges include uneven film formation and limited passivation of buried interface defects, hindering device performance.
Developing novel interface materials is key to advancing PSC technology.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce sulfadiazine (SD) as a multifunctional interface layer in PSCs.
To investigate SD's effects on carrier transport, energy level alignment, and defect passivation.
To enhance the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and thermal stability of inverted PSCs.

Main Methods:

Incorporation of sulfadiazine (SD) between the [2-(3,6-dimethoxy-9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid (MeO-2PACz) and perovskite layers.
Analysis of SD's interactions, including π-π interactions with MeO-2PACz and coordination/hydrogen bonding with perovskite components (Pb2+ and FA+ ions).
Device fabrication and performance characterization, including PCE measurements and thermal stability tests.

Main Results:

SD enhances carrier transport via π-π interactions and improves energy level alignment for efficient hole transfer.
SD effectively passivates buried interface defects by coordinating with Pb2+ ions and forming hydrogen bonds with FA+ ions.
Devices with SD modification achieved a high PCE of 23.27% and demonstrated excellent thermal stability.

Conclusions:

Sulfadiazine (SD) serves as an effective interface modifier for perovskite solar cells (PSCs).
SD enhances device performance and stability through improved carrier transport and defect passivation.
This strategy offers a promising route for developing high-efficiency and durable PSCs.