Anti-inflammatory activity of Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs): An Updated Systematic review from in vivo, and in vitro...

Inflammation is a fundamental immune response implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic diseases, tissue injury, cancer, and aging. Conventional anti-inflammatory therapies, though effective, are usually limited by systemic toxicity and long-term safety concerns. Silver nanoparticles have emerged as promising nanotherapeutic agents owing to their multi-functional biological properties. This review thoroughly summarizes recent developments (2015-2025) in the anti-inflammatory potential of AgNPs, with focus on their physicochemical characteristics, synthesis strategies, and underlying molecular mechanisms. Evidence from in-vivo and in-vitro studies presented that AgNPs regulate key inflammatory pathways by inhibiting NF-κB and MAPK signaling, supressing pro-inflammatory cytokines, reducing oxidative stress, and regulating macrophage polarization. Green synthesized AgNPs specifically showed improved therapeutic efficacy and biocompatibility. Additionally, application of AgNPs in arthritis, inflammatory bowel condition, and wound healing are discussed alongside toxicological challenges, and safety considerations. Altogether, AgNPs represent a versatile platform for upcoming anti-inflammatory therapies, supporting further translational and clinical investigation.