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Endothelial RhoGEF Trio is involved in angiogenesis.

Jeffrey Kroon1,2,3, Ilse Timmerman1, Ilkka Paatero4

  • 1Department of Molecular Hematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Vascular Biology (Bristol, England)
|February 26, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The RhoGEF Trio protein is crucial for angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels. Its inhibition impairs endothelial cell sprouting and vascular development in zebrafish and mice.

Keywords:
GEFRac1TrioVE-cadherinangiogenesissprouting

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Endothelial cells drive angiogenesis by remodeling their actin cytoskeleton.
  • The precise molecular mechanisms coordinating this remodeling remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of the RhoGEF Trio protein in the process of angiogenesis.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms by which Trio influences endothelial cell behavior during blood vessel formation.

Main Methods:

  • Inhibition of Trio activity in zebrafish embryos to assess intersomitic vessel sprouting.
  • Murine retinal explant assay to evaluate sprout length and development.
  • Analysis of Trio knockout (Trio-/-) mouse models for vascular defects.

Main Results:

  • Trio inhibition significantly reduced endothelial sprout formation in zebrafish.
  • A marked decrease in sprout length was observed in murine retinal explants upon Trio inhibition.
  • Trio deficiency in mice led to embryonic lethality and impaired vascular development.

Conclusions:

  • The RhoGEF Trio protein plays a significant role in regulating endothelial cell behavior during angiogenesis.
  • The N-terminal region of Trio, including the GEF1 domain, is essential for supporting endothelial sprouting.
  • Trio is a key regulator of vascular development and angiogenic processes.