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Updated: Feb 28, 2026
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Multiple Sclerosis at 7.0 Tesla
Published on: February 19, 2021
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Conventional and Emerging MRI Biomarkers of Multiple Sclerosis
Timothy Reynold Lim1, Jerald Garvin Lim2, Yusuf Alibrahim1
1Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Medical Imaging, Unity Health Toronto-St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, 30 Bond St, Toronto, ON, Canada M5B 1W8.
Summary
The 2024 McDonald criteria enhance multiple sclerosis (MS) diagnosis using new MRI biomarkers like the central vein sign. These advancements improve accuracy, especially for atypical cases, aiding earlier and more precise patient management.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Radiology
- Medical Imaging
Background:
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is crucial for multiple sclerosis (MS) diagnosis and management.
- The 2017 McDonald criteria improved early diagnosis sensitivity but can lead to misdiagnosis in atypical presentations.
- Accurate MRI interpretation is vital for maintaining diagnostic precision.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review conventional and emerging MRI biomarkers for MS diagnosis.
- To highlight the diagnostic and prognostic utilities of these imaging findings.
- To discuss the underlying pathophysiologic processes of MRI features in MS.
Main Methods:
- Review of current literature on MRI biomarkers in multiple sclerosis.
- Analysis of the 2017 and 2024 revised McDonald criteria.
- Inclusion of emerging techniques like artificial intelligence (AI)-driven analysis.
Main Results:
- The 2024 McDonald criteria incorporate novel MRI biomarkers: the central vein sign and paramagnetic rim lesions.
- These biomarkers enhance diagnostic specificity, aiding differentiation from mimicking conditions.
- Emerging techniques, including AI, show potential for refining diagnostic workflows by detecting subtle imaging features.
Conclusions:
- Advanced MRI biomarkers are integral to the updated 2024 McDonald criteria for improved MS diagnosis.
- These biomarkers offer enhanced specificity and prognostic value.
- Integrating novel imaging techniques and biomarkers promises to refine clinical workflows and diagnostic accuracy in multiple sclerosis.
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