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Data validation is an essential part of a comprehensive assessment. Validation is confirming or verifying and opening the door to gathering more assessment data as it clarifies vague or unclear data. The process of checking and verifying the collected information is called data validation. The primary purpose of data validation is to ensure data is as free from error, bias, and misinterpretation as possible.
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Cosmetic procedure attitudes scale (CPAS): Development and validation.

Grace Barker1, Veya Seekis1, Caroline Donovan1

  • 1School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Australia.

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|February 26, 2026
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study developed and validated new scales to measure attitudes toward cosmetic procedures. These psychometrically robust tools assess views on surgical and non-surgical interventions, aiding research into appearance concerns.

Keywords:
AttitudeCosmetic ProcedureNon-surgical Cosmetic ProcedureScale DevelopmentSurgical Cosmetic Procedure

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Cosmetic Surgery Research

Background:

  • Cosmetic procedures are increasingly common, especially among young women.
  • Existing tools for measuring attitudes toward cosmetic procedures are limited.
  • There is a need for validated scales to assess attitudes toward both surgical and non-surgical cosmetic procedures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate new psychometrically sound scales for assessing attitudes toward surgical and non-surgical cosmetic procedures.
  • To examine the convergent, divergent, and incremental validity of the new scales.
  • To assess the reliability and agreement of the developed scales.

Main Methods:

  • Item pool generation via focus groups and expert consultation.
  • Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used to refine scale structures.
  • Scale validation involved assessing convergent, divergent, and incremental validity, alongside test-retest reliability and agreement.

Main Results:

  • Two validated scales, the 16-item Cosmetic Procedure Attitude Scale-Surgical (CPAS-S) and the 16-item Cosmetic Procedure Attitude Scale-Non-Surgical (CPAS-NS), were developed.
  • The scales demonstrated strong psychometric properties, including reliability, validity, and agreement.
  • The research identified links between attitudes toward cosmetic procedures and appearance-related concerns.

Conclusions:

  • The CPAS-S and CPAS-NS are reliable and valid tools for measuring attitudes toward cosmetic procedures.
  • These scales can be used to further investigate the psychological factors associated with cosmetic procedure pursuit.
  • The findings contribute to a better understanding of appearance-related concerns and cosmetic intervention attitudes.