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Virtual Source-Based Apodization for Diverging Wave Imaging: An Experimental Study.

Zahraa Alzein1, Hervé Liebgott2, Marco Crocco3

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a compound mask for diverging wave imaging (DWI), a type of ultrafast ultrasound. The method optimizes transmit apodization weights, enhancing B-mode image quality without sacrificing real-time performance in medical diagnostics.

Keywords:
diverging wavesynthetic aperture imagingtransmit apodizationvirtual sources

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Ultrasound Technology
  • Signal Processing

Background:

  • Ultrafast imaging techniques, including diverging wave imaging (DWI), enable high frame rates for advanced medical diagnostics like Doppler imaging and shear wave elastography.
  • Conventional transmit apodization is not feasible in ultrafast imaging due to synthetic beam formation during coherent compounding.
  • Optimizing transmit apodization weights for DWI, unlike plane wave imaging (PWI), has remained an underexplored area.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present the real-time implementation of a previously developed closed-form approach for mapping synthetic aperture imaging (SAI) apodization weights to compound masks for DWI.
  • To validate the efficacy of this compound mask approach across various virtual source (VS) configurations and ultrasound array geometries.

Main Methods:

  • A closed-form approach was adapted to map SAI apodization weights to compound phase weights for DWI, termed a compound mask.
  • The compound mask method was implemented in real-time on a Verasonics ultrasound scanner.
  • Validation was performed using linear, curvilinear, and tilted virtual source distributions with linear and convex arrays.

Main Results:

  • The real-time implementation successfully applied the compound mask across all tested virtual source configurations.
  • Experimental results demonstrated significant improvements in B-mode image quality for both linear and convex arrays.
  • The compound mask approach did not compromise the real-time performance of the ultrafast imaging system.

Conclusions:

  • The compound mask method provides an effective means to optimize transmit apodization in diverging wave imaging.
  • This technique enhances image quality in ultrafast ultrasound diagnostics without performance degradation.
  • The approach is versatile, applicable to various virtual source arrangements and array types.