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Preterm infants: immunity and immunisation

Anna Calvert1,2, Emily Shaw3, Christine E Jones4,5

  • 1Centre for Neonatal and Paediatric Infection and Vaccine Institute, City St George's University of London, London, UK a.calvert1@nhs.net.

Archives of Disease in Childhood. Fetal and Neonatal Edition
|February 26, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Preterm birth impacts infant immunity, affecting responses to vaccines and increasing infectious disease risks. Healthcare professionals and parents need clear information on vaccination for preterm infants, including potential side effects.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Neonatal Health
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Preterm birth affects 7-8% of UK pregnancies.
  • Preterm infants exhibit altered immunological responses.
  • Vaccination in preterm infants raises specific concerns regarding efficacy and side effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the immunological consequences of preterm birth.
  • To discuss epidemiological differences in infectious diseases in preterm populations.
  • To explore immunity following vaccination in preterm infants and during pregnancy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of immunological and epidemiological studies.
  • Analysis of vaccine response data in preterm infants.
  • Examination of concerns regarding vaccine side effects in this population.

Main Results:

  • Preterm birth is associated with distinct immunological profiles.
  • Infectious disease epidemiology differs in preterm populations.
  • Vaccine immunity and side effect profiles require specific consideration for preterm infants.

Conclusions:

  • Informed decision-making for healthcare professionals and parents is crucial.
  • Understanding vaccination nuances in preterm infants is essential for optimal health outcomes.
  • Further research may be needed to optimize vaccination strategies for preterm infants.

Keywords:
Infectious Disease MedicineNeonatology

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