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Related Experiment Video

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An Injectable, Osteoconductive Gelatin-Enabled GelMA/HAp Hydrogel Scaffold for Minimally Invasive Bone Tissue

Juhan Li1, Nan Xiang2, Lingbin Che3

  • 1Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 100 Hai Ning Road, Shanghai 200080, China.

Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)
|February 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces an injectable hydrogel scaffold for bone regeneration that prevents filler sedimentation and maintains structural integrity. The new material enhances bone cell growth and differentiation for improved bone repair.

Keywords:
GelMA-based hydrogelsbone regenerationhydroxyapatite sedimentationinjectability

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogels are promising for bone tissue engineering but face challenges with precursor stability and filler sedimentation.
  • Achieving injectability often compromises mechanical properties or handling precision in current formulations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a rheologically engineered, injectable composite hydrogel scaffold for bone regeneration.
  • To overcome the trade-off between precursor stability, injectability, and mechanical integrity in GelMA-based bone scaffolds.

Main Methods:

  • Incorporation of unmodified gelatin into a GelMA/hydroxyapatite (HAp) matrix to create a thermoresponsive composite.
  • Evaluation of precursor stability, injectability (filamentous extrusion), mechanical properties (compressive modulus), and in vitro cell behavior (BMSC viability, proliferation, osteogenic differentiation).

Main Results:

  • The composite hydrogel exhibited a stable, paste-like precursor at physiological temperature, preventing HAp sedimentation and allowing precise extrusion.
  • UV crosslinking resulted in a mechanically robust scaffold with enhanced compressive modulus.
  • In vitro studies showed high BMSC viability and proliferation, with potent enhancement of osteogenic differentiation.

Conclusions:

  • The developed hydrogel scaffold successfully reconciles injectability, structural fidelity, and bioactivity.
  • This simple, one-step strategy offers a promising and clinically translatable platform for minimally invasive bone regeneration.