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Clinical Validation of rPPG-Enabled Contactless Pulse Rate Monitoring Software in Cardiovascular Disease Patients
Jing Wei Chin1, Po Him David Chan1, Shutao Chen1
1Department of Clinical AI, PanopticAI, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Insights
Remote photoplethysmography (rPPG) accurately measures pulse rate in cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients using video, offering a contactless solution for remote monitoring and early detection of health deterioration.
Area of Science:
- Biomedical Engineering
- Cardiology
- Medical Imaging
Background:
- Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading global cause of death.
- There is a need for continuous, unobtrusive patient monitoring solutions.
- Remote photoplethysmography (rPPG) offers a contactless approach to vital sign measurement.
Purpose of the Study:
- To clinically validate the accuracy of rPPG for pulse rate (PR) measurement in patients with CVD.
- To compare rPPG-derived PR with traditional electrocardiogram (ECG) measurements.
- To assess the influence of various factors on rPPG accuracy.
Main Methods:
- 50 adults with confirmed CVD were enrolled.
- Synchronized facial video, ECG, and photoplethysmography (PPG) signals were recorded during a 6-minute session.
- PR was derived from 25-second video segments using rPPG software and compared to ECG-derived PR.
Main Results:
- rPPG-derived PR demonstrated strong agreement with ECG (Pearson correlation of 0.962).
- Mean absolute error was 1.061 bpm, with a root-mean-squared error of 2.845 bpm.
- Demographic, environmental, or CVD factors showed minimal influence on rPPG accuracy.
Conclusions:
- rPPG is an accurate contactless method for PR monitoring in CVD patients.
- This technology supports remote patient monitoring and early detection of deterioration.
- Further validation is needed for irregular rhythms, diverse populations, and additional vital signs.
Background:
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality worldwide, creating demand for continuous, unobtrusive monitoring solutions. This clinical validation evaluates the accuracy of remote photoplethysmography (rPPG), a contactless method using camera video, for measuring pulse rate (PR) in patients with CVD.
Methods:
We enrolled 50 adults with confirmed CVD at a clinical trial center. In a 6 min rested session, synchronized facial video (under controlled lighting), electrocardiogram (ECG), and photoplethysmography (PPG) signals were recorded. PR was derived from 25 s video segments using rPPG-enabled software and compared to ECG-derived PR via regression and Bland-Altman analysis.
Results:
Data from 47 participants (n = 817 samples) were analyzed. rPPG-derived PR showed strong agreement with ECG, with a mean absolute error of 1.061 bpm, root-mean-squared error of 2.845 bpm, and Pearson correlation of 0.962. Mixed-effects regression analyses (after 2% outlier removal, n = 782) indicated minimal influence from demographic, environmental, or CVD factors on accuracy. PPG-ECG discrepancies reflected inherent methodological differences.
Conclusion:
The rPPG method provides accurate, contactless PR monitoring in CVD patients, supporting its potential for remote patient monitoring and early deterioration detection. Future work will validate rPPG for irregular rhythms, additional vital signs, and diverse cohorts to strengthen clinical robustness for cardiometabolic risk assessment.
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