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Related Concept Videos

Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Mitogens and their receptors play a crucial role in controlling the progression of the cell cycle. However, the loss of mitogenic control over cell division leads to tumor formation. Therefore, mitogens and mitogen receptors play an important role in cancer research. For instance, the epidermal growth factor (EGF) - a type of mitogen and its transmembrane receptor (EGFR), decides the fate of the cell's proliferation. When EGF binds to EGFR, a member of the ErbB family of tyrosine kinase...
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The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
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Transducer Mechanism: Enzyme-Linked Receptors01:27

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Enzyme-linked receptors are cell-surface receptors acting as an enzyme or associating with an enzyme intracellularly. They make excellent drug targets. Drugs can bind to the extracellular ligand-binding domain or directly affect their enzymatic domain and alter their activity.
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Protein Networks02:26

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 28, 2026

Studying Triple Negative Breast Cancer Using Orthotopic Breast Cancer Model
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Emerging Protein Targets in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Beyond Conventional Therapy.

Andrea Previtali1, Isabella Guardamagna2, Silvia Calandra1

  • 1Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.

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|February 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is aggressive, but new targeted therapies show promise. This review covers emerging treatments like antibody-drug conjugates and pathway inhibitors to overcome resistance and improve outcomes for TNBC patients.

Keywords:
omicstargeted therapytriple-negative breast cancer

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype lacking ER, PR, and HER2 expression, presenting significant therapeutic challenges.
  • Conventional treatments like chemotherapy and immunotherapy face frequent resistance and relapse, necessitating novel therapeutic strategies.
  • Advances in proteomics, structural biology, and targeted protein degradation are identifying new targets for TNBC.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current and emerging therapeutic strategies for TNBC.
  • To focus on targeted approaches addressing tumor heterogeneity and resistance mechanisms.
  • To provide an updated overview of the evolving TNBC therapeutic landscape.

Main Methods:

  • Summarizing recent advances in targeted therapies including immune checkpoint inhibitors, PARP inhibitors, antibody-drug conjugates, and pathway inhibitors.
  • Examining clinical trial results for various targeted agents.
  • Exploring novel targets identified through omics approaches and the role of tumor metabolism and microenvironment.
  • Outlining innovative radiotherapy strategies.

Main Results:

  • Targeted therapies, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, PARP inhibitors, Trop-2-directed antibody-drug conjugates, and pathway inhibitors, show potential in clinical trials.
  • Integrative omics approaches are identifying novel therapeutic targets.
  • Tumor metabolism and microenvironment significantly influence therapeutic efficacy.
  • Innovative radiotherapy strategies are being developed.

Conclusions:

  • The TNBC therapeutic landscape is rapidly evolving with promising targeted approaches.
  • Biomarker-driven strategies are crucial for developing next-generation treatments.
  • Addressing tumor heterogeneity and resistance mechanisms is key to improving patient outcomes.
  • Further research into novel targets, metabolism, microenvironment, and radiotherapy integration is warranted.