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Updated: Feb 28, 2026

Chromogenic In Situ Hybridization as a Tool for HPV-Related Head and Neck Cancer Diagnosis
Published on: June 14, 2019
Therapeutic Landscape of HPV-Associated Cancers: From Mechanisms and Conventional Approaches to Future Innovations
Muneera Anwer1, Krupa Bhaliya1, Memoona Zahra1
1School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Gold Coast, QLD 4215, Australia.
Abstract:
Cancer remains the second leading cause of mortality worldwide. Human papillomavirus is a widespread DNA virus with well-established oncogenic potential, particularly among high-risk genotypes such as HPV16 and HPV18. Persistent infection with these genotypes can lead to the development of several malignancies, including cervical, oropharyngeal, anal, penile, vulvar, and vaginal cancers. Cervical cancer persists as the most prevalent malignancy associated with HPV infection, disproportionately affecting low- and middle-income countries. This review provides an overview of the HPV genome, viral genotypes, and associated malignancies, with particular emphasis on the viral oncoproteins E6 and E7 and the mechanisms of viral DNA integration into the host genome. In addition, recent advances in diagnostic technologies, therapeutic strategies, ongoing clinical trials, and future directions to reduce the global burden of HPV-related cancers are discussed.
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