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Radiological Investigation III: Pulmonary Angiogram and PET Scan01:13

Radiological Investigation III: Pulmonary Angiogram and PET Scan

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Radiological investigations are paramount in the diagnosis and management of various pulmonary diseases. Two essential investigations are the Pulmonary Angiogram and the Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan.
Pulmonary Angiogram
A Pulmonary Angiogram is an invasive procedure involving injecting a contrast medium through a catheter threaded into the pulmonary artery or the right side of the heart to visualize the pulmonary vasculature. Computed Tomography (CT) scans have mainly replaced this...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 2, 2026

Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Gynecologic Cancer
10:35

Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Gynecologic Cancer

Published on: April 17, 2012

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Long-Term Outcome of Intraoperative Radiotherapy for Early-Stage Breast Cancer.

Eyal Bratt1,2, Orit Pasternak1, Daphne Levin1

  • 1Department of Oncology, Assuta Medical Center, Tel-Aviv 6971028, Israel.

Cancers
|February 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) provides effective local control for breast cancer patients when selected appropriately. The 2024 ASTRO risk classification aids in identifying suitable candidates for IORT, improving patient outcomes.

Keywords:
breast cancerintraoperative radiotherapypartial-breast irradiation

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Radiation Oncology
  • Surgical Oncology

Background:

  • Intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) is a single-session treatment option during breast-conserving surgery (BCS).
  • Patient selection and tumor characteristics are critical for successful IORT outcomes.
  • Accurate risk stratification is essential for optimizing IORT efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate local recurrence (LR) and prognosis in patients treated with IORT.
  • To assess the utility of the 2024 American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO) risk classification system.
  • To determine the effectiveness of risk-adapted patient selection for IORT.

Main Methods:

  • A multicenter retrospective study involving 358 IORT cases (356 patients) treated between 2014-2018.
  • Utilized the Zeiss INTRABEAM system for IORT delivery.
  • Classified cases according to the 2024 ASTRO partial-breast irradiation guidelines, analyzing local recurrence-free survival (LRFS), overall survival (OS), and mastectomy-free survival (MFS).

Main Results:

  • The median follow-up was 7.1 years, with a local recurrence rate of 3.9% (14/358 cases).
  • Five- and 8-year LRFS rates were 98.3% and 94.8%, respectively.
  • Cases classified as 'conditionally recommended' or 'conditionally not recommended' showed significantly higher LR (8.5%) compared to the 'suitable' group (2.7%). Cases with two or more conditional criteria had a markedly higher risk (21.4%) versus those with 0-1 criteria (3.2%).

Conclusions:

  • IORT demonstrates effective local control in appropriately selected breast cancer patients.
  • The 2024 ASTRO risk classification system accurately identifies high-risk cases.
  • This classification system supports risk-adapted candidate selection for IORT, enhancing treatment efficacy.