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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience and Architecture: An interdisciplinary review exploring the impact of the built environment on human neural processing.
  • Emerging Technologies in Design Research: Focus on virtual reality (VR) and artificial intelligence (AI) for understanding spatial experiences.

Background:

  • Neuroarchitecture has rapidly advanced, establishing measurable connections between architectural features and human brain activity.
  • Existing research highlights the influence of built environments on occupant emotions, stress, and cognitive functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize current research on neuroarchitecture, emphasizing the role of VR and AI in understanding human spatial experience.
  • To identify methodological advances and propose a framework for future neuroarchitectural studies.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review of empirical studies from 2015-2025.
  • Categorization of research into neuroarchitectural components, physiological sensing (EEG, HRV) with VR, and AI integration.
  • Analysis of how built environment elements affect brain activity and occupant responses.

Main Results:

  • Architectural elements like geometry and lighting demonstrably influence brain regions associated with emotion, stress, and cognition.
  • VR experiments coupled with neuroimaging and physiological sensors provide ecologically valid data on occupant responses.
  • AI facilitates real-time emotion recognition and pattern discovery, linking design features to emotional outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • The current evidence base for neuroarchitecture is developing, with limitations in sample size and data fragmentation.
  • A proposed 'SPEC' framework (somatic, psychological, emotional, cognitive) can guide future research.
  • Interdisciplinary collaboration leveraging AI and VR is crucial for creating robust datasets and neuro-informed design tools for enhanced well-being.