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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 28, 2026

Author Spotlight: Enhancing Upper Limb Rehabilitation in Stroke Patients Through Advanced Robotic and Neuromodulation Technologies

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Published on: October 11, 2024

In-Phase Bilateral Upper Limb Exercises Improve Cognitive and Motor Functions in Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: A

Dimitris Sokratous^1,2, Charalambos Costa Charalambous³, Marios Pantzaris⁴

¹Physiotherapy Unit, Neurology Clinics, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus.

|February 27, 2026

Summary

In-phase bilateral upper limb exercises improved cognitive processing, motor functions, fatigue, and quality of life in progressive multiple sclerosis patients. This exercise type demands less cognitive effort, benefiting individuals with cognitive deficits.

Keywords:

bilateral exercise cognitive processing motor function multiple sclerosis quality of life

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Rehabilitation Medicine
Clinical Trials

Background:

Progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) significantly impairs cognitive and motor functions, diminishing quality of life.
Cognitive deficits in MS complicate complex goal-directed movements.
In-phase bilateral exercises, requiring less attentional demand, may mitigate these deficits.

Purpose of the Study:

To assess the impact of in-phase bilateral upper limb exercise on cognitive processing in progressive MS.
To evaluate the effects on motor functions and overall quality of life in progressive MS patients.

Main Methods:

A 12-week randomized controlled trial involving 20 participants with progressive MS.
Participants were assigned to either an experimental group (in-phase bilateral exercises) or an active control group (conventional exercises).
ANOVA was used to analyze changes in information processing speed, motor function, fatigue, and quality of life.

Main Results:

The experimental group showed significantly greater improvements in information processing speed compared to the control group (p < 0.05).
Significant improvements were also observed across all secondary outcome measures in the experimental group (p < 0.05).

Conclusions:

In-phase bilateral exercises offer a promising, low-cognitive-demand intervention for progressive MS.
This exercise modality is associated with enhanced information processing speed, motor function, reduced fatigue, and improved quality of life in progressive MS.