Fibrinogen and Fibrin as Growth Factor Regulators: Pathological Implications, and Translational Opportunities

Area of Science:

• Biochemistry
• Molecular Biology
• Biomaterials Science

Background:

• Fibrinogen and fibrin are key plasma proteins involved in hemostasis, tissue repair, and extracellular matrix organization.
• Their structure facilitates interactions with crucial growth factors like FGF-2, VEGF, PDGF, and TGF-β.
• These interactions are vital for regulating angiogenesis, cell proliferation, and wound healing.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive review of fibrinogen and fibrin biology.
• To detail their molecular interactions with growth factors.
• To explore pathological implications and translational potential in regenerative medicine.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of fibrinogen-fibrin interactions with growth factors.
• Analysis of dysregulation in pathological conditions.
• Examination of recent advances in fibrin-based biomaterials and recombinant technologies.

Main Results:

• Fibrinogen-fibrin interactions modulate growth factor localization, protection, and signaling.
• Dysregulation contributes to thrombosis, inflammation, cancer, and impaired regeneration.
• Fibrin-based biomaterials show promise for controlled therapeutic delivery.

Conclusions:

• Understanding fibrinogen-fibrin-growth factor interactions is crucial for human health.
• Targeting these interactions via biomaterials and recombinant technologies holds significant translational potential.
• Future research should focus on leveraging these interactions for improved clinical outcomes.