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Fermented and Unfermented Rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) Exhibit Selective Protection Against Hepatic Stress in Rats

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Rooibos extracts (GR and FR) reduced oxidative damage and modulated stress markers in rats exposed to fumonisin B1 (FB1). While showing potential as dietary modulators of antioxidant defenses, they did not fully protect the liver.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Nutritional science
  • Pharmacology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Oxidative damage from toxins is a significant concern in nutritional and pharmacological research.
  • Aspalathus linearis (rooibos) is traditionally used for health benefits.
  • Fumonisin B1 (FB1) is a mycotoxin known to induce liver damage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the hepatoprotective effects of unfermented (GR) and fermented (FR) rooibos extracts against FB1-induced liver damage in rats.
  • To investigate the impact of rooibos on oxidative stress markers, regulatory proteins, inflammation, and fatty acid profiles.

Main Methods:

  • 24 male rats were administered FB1 (50 mg/kg diet equivalent) with or without GR or FR rooibos extracts.
  • Assessed somatic records, blood biochemistry, liver histology, oxidative stress markers (GSH, GPx, MDA, carbonylation), regulatory proteins (Nrf2, Sirt3, PGC-α, TRX1, HSP70, LONp1), cytokines, and phospholipid fatty acid profiles.

Main Results:

  • FB1 induced growth suppression, liver dysfunction, altered redox status, and elevated stress markers.
  • Both GR and FR rooibos extracts reduced oxidative damage (decreased MDA and carbonylation) and modulated stress regulators (increased Nrf2, decreased HSP70).
  • FR uniquely increased GPx and TRX1, while decreasing IL-1β and PGC-α. GR strongly increased Nrf2 and Sirt3. Neither extract normalized liver fatty acid profiles or serum cholesterol.

Conclusions:

  • GR and FR rooibos extracts demonstrate potential in improving redox balance and inflammatory/stress responses against FB1 toxicity.
  • The bioactivities of GR and FR rooibos extracts are distinct, likely due to their differing polyphenol compositions.
  • While rooibos shows promise as a dietary modulator of antioxidant defenses, comprehensive hepatoprotection was not achieved, necessitating further clinical trials.