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Errors in Taping

Errors in Taping

Errors in taping arise from multiple factors that can significantly impact measurement accuracy in surveying. Misalignment of the tape, often due to human error, is one primary source. A skilled rear tapeman, using a telescope, can help correct alignment by guiding the head tapeman; however, human limitations still lead to small inaccuracies. These errors may include misplacement of pins or inaccurate tape readings due to common visual confusions, such as mistaking a six for a nine. Such...

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Lateral Cephalometric Radiography: Principles, Common Positioning Errors, and AI-Driven Quality Control.

Rossana Izzetti¹, Maria Pisano², Chiara Cinquini¹

¹Unit of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Department of Surgical, Medical, and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy.

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)

|February 27, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Lateral cephalometric radiography (LCR) remains reliable with precise positioning. While AI enhances quality control, meticulous technique is crucial for accurate diagnostic analysis in modern dental practice.

Keywords:

artificial intelligence cephalometry cone-beam computed tomography orthodontics

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Area of Science:

Dentistry and Oral Health
Radiology and Imaging

Background:

Lateral cephalometric radiography (LCR) is a cornerstone in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning.
Technological advancements, including Artificial Intelligence (AI), are influencing its application and reliability.

Purpose of the Study:

To synthesize current knowledge on LCR, focusing on diagnostic reliability and technological integration.
To evaluate the impact of positioning errors and AI-driven quality control on LCR accuracy.

Main Methods:

A narrative review of literature from PubMed up to September 2025.
Search domains included LCR's diagnostic role, acquisition, errors, comparison with CBCT, and AI applications.

Main Results:

Precise patient positioning is critical; common errors significantly impact measurement accuracy.
AI and digital tools can improve workflow consistency but require validation and human oversight.
LCR offers a favorable balance of diagnostic utility and lower radiation dose compared to 3D imaging.

Conclusions:

Meticulous acquisition technique remains fundamental for reliable LCR analysis.
AI and digital advancements augment, but do not replace, the clinician's role in ensuring diagnostic accuracy.