Hemp Meal (Cannabis sativa) as an Alternative Dietary Protein Source for European Perch (Perca fluviatilis)

The production of European perch (Perca fluviatilis) has become notably refined, with numerous physiological and nutritional studies conducted in recent years. However, it is still an expensive undertaking due to the high amount of animal protein required in the feed. Therefore, we investigated the possibility of using hemp meal (HM) as an alternative source of protein in extruded feed for perch reared in recirculating aquaculture systems (RASs). Perch fry (initial body weight of 68.1 g) was divided into four groups (HM0, HM10, HM20, HM30; 100 fish in each) and fed with diets containing different levels of HM (0, 10, 20 or 30%, respectively) for 10 weeks. Overall, dietary inclusion of HM did not affect body parameters, muscle composition, or blood parameters, nor did it cause any serious histopathological lesions. Nonetheless, basic production indices (SGR, FCR, PER) all peaked in the HM20 group, and predominantly positive changes in intestinal mucosa were found in all three HM-inclusion groups. Furthermore, the expression patterns of several genes in the intestine and liver were different in groups HM20-30 than in HM0-10. Lastly, hepatic activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) diminished with increasing dietary HM inclusion levels. In summary, there were no negative effects of HM on the homeostasis of studied fish or, more specifically, the physiology of their digestive organs. When accounting for minor tendencies in the results, the dietary inclusion of hemp meal at 20% turned out to be the most promising fish meal alternative for the European perch.