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Related Concept Videos

Traumatic Brain Injury l: Introduction01:28

Traumatic Brain Injury l: Introduction

37
DefinitionTraumatic brain injury, or TBI, is a disturbance of normal brain function induced by an external mechanical force, such as a direct blow to the head or a penetrating injury. It can affect both brain structure and function, producing a wide range of clinical outcomes. TBI is a heterogeneous condition, meaning its effects may differ based on the type, location, and severity of the injury.Basis of ClassificationTBI is classified based on severity, injury mechanism, or pathophysiology. In...
37

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Advanced Diffusion Imaging in The Hippocampus of Rats with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
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Correlation of Routine Admission Inflammatory Biomarkers with Individual Traumatic Brain Lesion Types in Mild

Marios Lampros1, Labrini Vlachodimitropoulou1, Spyridon Voulgaris1

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Ioannina, 45 500 Ioannina, Greece.

Biomedicines
|February 27, 2026
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Summary

Routine biomarkers like PLR, SII, and GPR show limited value in distinguishing mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) or specific lesion types. Exploratory findings for subdural hematoma were not statistically significant after adjustments.

Keywords:
biomarkersinflammatory biomarkersmild traumatic brain injury

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience and Neurology
  • Emergency Medicine
  • Laboratory Medicine

Background:

  • Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) diagnosis often relies on clinical assessment and neuroimaging.
  • Inflammatory and metabolic biomarkers are explored as potential adjunctive diagnostic tools in mTBI.
  • The association between routine biomarkers and specific intracranial lesion types in mTBI remains poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between admission inflammatory and metabolic biomarkers and the presence of intracranial lesions in patients with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI).
  • To evaluate if specific biomarkers correlate with particular types of traumatic intracranial lesions, including subdural hematoma (SDH), intraparenchymal hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and epidural hematoma.
  • To compare biomarker levels between patients with CT-positive versus CT-negative findings and between those with isolated versus multiple intracranial injuries.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective observational study of 125 adult patients with isolated mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) undergoing head CT.
  • Admission laboratory parameters measured included platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), and glucose-to-potassium ratio (GPR).
  • Biomarker values were compared between CT-positive and CT-negative groups and analyzed for associations with specific intracranial lesion subtypes, including analyses restricted to isolated lesions.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences in PLR, SII, or GPR were found between CT-positive and CT-negative mTBI patients.
  • Subdural hematoma (SDH) showed preliminary associations with higher GPR (all injuries) and higher PLR and GPR (isolated lesions), but these did not remain significant after multiple comparison correction.
  • Patients with multiple intracranial injuries had higher PLR and SII compared to those with isolated lesions; however, all lesion-specific associations lost statistical significance after adjustment.

Conclusions:

  • Routine systemic biomarkers (PLR, SII, GPR) demonstrate limited global discriminatory value for diagnosing mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) or identifying intracranial pathology on CT.
  • Exploratory associations between biomarkers and specific lesions, particularly SDH, require further investigation but were not robust in this cohort after statistical correction.
  • The findings underscore the preliminary nature of using these routine biomarkers for specific lesion detection in mTBI and suggest limited clinical utility in their current application.