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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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Predominant miRNAs in Animal-Source Foods and Bioinformatic Analysis.

Olubukunmi Amos Ilori1, Giuseppe De Santis1, Roberto Cannataro2,3

  • 1Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy.

Current Issues in Molecular Biology
|February 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This study identifies dominant microRNAs (miRNAs) in animal-source foods (ASFs) like meat, dairy, and seafood. These food-derived miRNAs may influence human health through epigenetic regulation, though their stability during digestion needs further study.

Keywords:
animal-source foodbioinformaticsmiRNAs

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Area of Science:

  • Nutritional Epigenetics
  • Food Science
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are recognized for their epigenetic regulatory roles.
  • Animal-source foods (ASFs) contain miRNAs that could be absorbed and influence human physiology.
  • Understanding the dominant miRNAs in various ASFs is crucial for exploring their potential health impacts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize the dominant microRNAs (miRNAs) present in different categories of animal-source foods (ASFs).
  • To explore the potential functional implications of these food-derived miRNAs based on bioinformatic predictions and their known targets.
  • To provide a foundation for future research into the stability and translational applications of miRNAs from ASFs.

Main Methods:

  • A frequency-weighted ordinal recurrence approach was employed to identify dominant miRNAs in documented ASFs.
  • Bioinformatic analyses were used to predict the enrichment of processes and pathways associated with miRNAs from raw and processed ASFs.
  • Literature review and data synthesis to categorize dominant miRNAs by food type (meat, dairy, seafood).

Main Results:

  • Specific dominant miRNAs were identified for lean meat (let-7d-5p, miR-101-3p, miR-133b), meat fat (let-7i-5p, miR-30c-5p, miR-23a-3p), and meat offal (miR-145-5p, miR-92-5p, miR-24-3p).
  • Dairy products were characterized by dominant miRNAs including miR-200a-3p, miR-200c-3p, miR-223-3p, miR-25-3p, miR-29a-3p, and miR-29b-3p.
  • Seafood exhibited prevalent miRNAs such as miR-17-5p, miR-184, miR-30e-5p, and miR-92b-3p.
  • Bioinformatic analysis suggested enrichment of pathways related to epithelial barrier integrity, cell-cell adhesion, immune homeostasis, and neural signaling, depending on the food source.

Conclusions:

  • Distinct profiles of dominant microRNAs (miRNAs) exist across various animal-source foods (ASFs), including meat, dairy, and seafood.
  • These food-derived miRNAs may play roles in modulating cellular processes like inflammation, immune response, and neural signaling.
  • Further investigation into the gastrointestinal stability and bioavailability of these miRNAs is essential for understanding their potential health benefits and translational applications.