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Integrative Computational Analysis of TP53 Exon 5-6 Mutations in Oral Cavity, Prostate, and Breast Cancers in a

Mouhamed Mbaye1, Fatimata Mbaye2, Mbacke Sembene2

  • 1Pharmaceutical Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Odontology, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar BP. 5005, Senegal.

Genes
|February 27, 2026
PubMed

Insights

TP53 mutations in Senegalese oral, prostate, and breast cancers show distinct patterns. Exon 6 mutations in prostate and breast cancers may stabilize the TP53 protein, impacting BCL-2 interactions.

Area of Science:

  • Genomics and Bioinformatics
  • Cancer Research
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • The tumor suppressor gene TP53 is frequently mutated in human cancers, particularly in its DNA-binding domain.
  • The mutational landscape and functional impact of TP53 variants are understudied in African populations.
  • Understanding TP53 alterations is crucial for cancer research and therapeutic development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize TP53 mutations in exons 5-6 in oral cavity cancer (OCC), prostate cancer (PC), and breast cancer (BC) in a Senegalese population.
  • To assess the structural effects, functional consequences, and impact on p53-BCL-2 interactions of these TP53 variants.
  • To investigate cancer and exon-specific mutation patterns and their potential oncogenic implications.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 78 archived tumor DNA samples from Senegalese patients with OCC, PC, and BC.
  • Variant annotation using COSMIC and dbSNP databases.
  • In silico evaluation of functional impact (PolyPhen-2), structural stability (FoldX), conformational dynamics (ENCoM), and p53-BCL-2 interaction (DDMut-PPI).

Main Results:

  • Breast cancer (BC) showed the highest TP53 mutation frequency; oral cavity cancer (OCC) exhibited greater mutational diversity.
  • Exon 5 mutations were predominantly destabilizing and loss-of-function across cancers; exon 6 mutations in PC and BC (e.g., V217L, V218M) were predicted to stabilize the p53 structure.
  • All analyzed mutations were predicted to stabilize the p53-BCL-2 interaction, with significant conformational dynamics differences observed in PC.

Conclusions:

  • Identified cancer and exon-specific TP53 mutation patterns in a Senegalese population.
  • Exon 6 emerges as a context-dependent hotspot with potential oncogenic roles in PC and BC.
  • The study provides valuable in silico insights into TP53 variant impacts, warranting further experimental investigation.
Keywords:
SenegalTP53bioinformaticsbreastcancermutationoral cavityprostate

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