Oligodendrocytes Are Active Participants in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis and Its Animal Models

Multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) are autoimmune inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system (CNS). For decades, oligodendrocytes were regarded as passive targets of autoimmune inflammation in these conditions. However, recent studies challenge this view, revealing that oligodendrocytes are active participants-not just passive targets-in the pathogenesis of MS and EAE. In this review, we summarize recent research that highlights the active and dynamic roles of oligodendrocytes in these diseases.