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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Exosomes01:36

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Exosomes are stable, lipid bilayer-enclosed vesicles capable of crossing biological barriers. They can carry a wide range of molecules required for intercellular communication. Once exosomes are released from the cell where they originated, they enter a recipient cell through various pathways such as fusion, receptor-mediated endocytosis, macropinocytosis, and phagocytosis.
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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 28, 2026

Using Nanoplasmon-Enhanced Scattering and Low-Magnification Microscope Imaging to Quantify Tumor-Derived Exosomes
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Exosomes and Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Current Knowledge and Clinical Significance.

Maria Loukopoulou1, Anastasia Kottorou1, Angelos Koutras2

  • 1Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Medical School, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|February 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Exosomes show promise as non-invasive biomarkers for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) diagnosis and treatment. Further research is needed to standardize methods and develop biomarker panels for personalized medicine.

Keywords:
TNBCcancerexosomesextracellular vesiclestriple-negative breast cancer

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Science
  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Exosomes mediate cellular communication and are implicated in cancer progression.
  • Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) presents significant therapeutic challenges, necessitating novel biomarkers.
  • Non-invasive diagnostic and prognostic markers are crucial for TNBC management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the role of exosomal biomarkers in diagnosing, predicting prognosis, and forecasting treatment response in TNBC.
  • To evaluate the potential of liquid biopsy using exosomal markers for TNBC patient care.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review of research on exosomal biomarkers in TNBC.
  • Extensive search conducted across PubMed and Google Scholar databases.

Main Results:

  • Numerous exosomal molecules demonstrate potential for early TNBC detection, disease progression monitoring, and personalized treatment strategies.
  • Liquid biopsy emerges as a valuable, minimally invasive tool for TNBC assessment.

Conclusions:

  • Challenges remain, including methodological variations and sample diversity, hindering generalizability of findings.
  • Future research should focus on protocol standardization, understanding biological mechanisms, and developing combinatorial biomarker panels.
  • Successful clinical translation of exosomal biomarkers will advance personalized medicine and improve outcomes for TNBC patients.