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Sulforaphane in Cancer Prevention and Therapy: A State-of-the-Art Review of Epidemiological Evidence, Molecular

Jung Yoon Jang1, Donghwan Kim2, Na Kyeong Lee1

  • 1Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|February 27, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Sulforaphane (SFN), a compound from broccoli, shows promise as a cancer-preventive agent. It works through multiple pathways, including Nrf2 activation and epigenetic modulation, with clinical trials supporting its potential.

Area of Science:

  • Nutritional Science
  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Sulforaphane (SFN) is a key compound in cruciferous vegetables, recognized for its potential health benefits.
  • Epidemiological studies link cruciferous vegetable consumption to reduced cancer incidence.
  • Mechanistic studies reveal SFN's role in cellular defense and cancer modulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively review the role of Sulforaphane (SFN) in cancer prevention and therapy.
  • To integrate evidence from epidemiological, molecular, and clinical research on SFN.
  • To discuss translational challenges for SFN-based cancer interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of epidemiological observations.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms of SFN's action.
  • Examination of recent clinical trial data on SFN.

Main Results:

  • SFN activates the Nrf2-ARE pathway, inhibits HDACs and HIF-1α, and regulates apoptosis and autophagy.
  • SFN modulates redox balance, detoxification, and epigenetic processes.
  • Clinical trials indicate SFN can reduce cancer biomarkers and support metabolic detoxification.

Conclusions:

  • SFN demonstrates significant potential as a chemopreventive and therapeutic agent against cancer.
  • Translational success depends on addressing bioavailability, dosage, and standardization issues.
  • Further research and development are needed to optimize SFN's clinical application.
Keywords:
HDAC inhibitionNrf2–ARE pathwaycell deathchemopreventionclinical trialsepigenetic regulationsulforaphane

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