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Developing an Index to Measure Structural Racism: Methodological Process, Challenges, and Considerations.

Christopher M Amissah1,2, Alisha A Crump1,3, Yu-Hua Fu1

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Developing measures of structural racism is crucial for health equity research. This paper details methodological challenges and offers a guide for creating ecological-level indices for Black and Hispanic populations.

Keywords:
Delphi processdata challengesecological-level indexhealth disparitieshealth equityindex developmentmeasure developmentmethodological challengespsychometricsstructural racism

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Social Epidemiology
  • Health Equity Research

Background:

  • Addressing health inequities requires valid measures of structural racism.
  • Existing ecological-level indices for structural racism affecting Black and Hispanic populations in the U.S. are limited.
  • The National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities framework guided the development process.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the methodological process for developing an ecological-level structural racism index.
  • To document substantive methodological and data-related challenges encountered.
  • To provide a guide for researchers developing similar indices.

Main Methods:

  • A modified Delphi consensus process involving diverse experts (social epidemiologists, health inequality researchers, community members, economic inequality specialists, psychometricians).
  • A five-step approach for extracting and harmonizing geographic-level data from public sources.
  • Identification and selection of indicators for structural racism.

Main Results:

  • Significant methodological and data challenges were encountered during index development.
  • Key challenges include limited granular geographic data, poor data documentation, inconsistent reporting, and data adaptation difficulties.
  • The paper focuses on the process and challenges rather than presenting a finalized index.

Conclusions:

  • Developing ecological measures of structural racism is complex and data-intensive.
  • Transparency, adaptability, and rigorous data selection are critical for advancing public health equity research.
  • This paper serves as a methodological guide and cautionary account for future research.