Peer-Led Models Focussed on Emotional Distress and Suicide Prevention: A Scoping Review

Area of Science:

• Mental Health Services Research
• Public Health Interventions
• Psychiatric Epidemiology

Background:

• Suicidality remains a critical public health issue, with individuals often reporting negative clinical service experiences.
• Peer-based interventions are increasingly recognized as vital components of mental health care and suicide prevention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To identify, summarize, and synthesize the design, features, and evidence of peer-led models and interventions for individuals in emotional distress or suicidal crisis.

Main Methods:

• A comprehensive scoping review adhering to Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines.
• Systematic searches of online databases were conducted in May 2022 and October 2024, identifying 59 relevant papers.

Main Results:

• Peer-led programs demonstrated wide acceptance, with participants reporting enhanced mood, social connectedness, communication, and coping skills.
• A notable discordance was observed between training content and peer work principles in some instances, highlighting a need for improved training and supervision.
• Limited information was available regarding the empirical and ethical underpinnings supporting peer-led models, with a focus often on facilitation rather than the peer model itself.

Conclusions:

• Peer-led interventions are generally well-received and beneficial for individuals experiencing emotional distress or suicidal crises.
• Future research should investigate peer-led models further, emphasizing the crucial role of peer, consumer, and carer involvement in service planning, design, implementation, and evaluation.