Research Progress on the Biological Function, Disease-Driving Mechanism and Clinical Targeting Strategies of G3BP2

G3BP2 is an important RNA-binding protein that belongs to the mammalian Ras-GAP SH3 domain-binding protein (G3BP) family. Its structure enables it to bind to RNA or proteins, regulate nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling, and participate in various functions, including cell growth, differentiation, migration, and RNA and protein metabolism. Studies have found that G3BP2 is involved in the occurrence and development of various human diseases, such as high expression across multiple tumor diseases, including gastric cancer, breast cancer, non-small-cell lung cancer, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, colorectal cancer, and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, driving the occurrence of human tumors, participating in tumor progression, and playing an essential role in promoting the proliferation, invasion, and migration of tumor cells. Additionally, G3BP2 is closely associated with various non-tumor diseases, including viral infections, as well as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. This review elucidates the role of G3BP2 in the development and progression of various diseases, identifying biomarkers and therapeutic targets for clinical diagnosis and treatment based on G3BP2.