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Bioreactor Controls-II01:18

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In aerobic fermentations, oxygen is vital for microbial growth and metabolite production. Since air comprises only about 20% oxygen and the gas is poorly soluble in water—just 9 ppm at 20°C—supplying sufficient oxygen becomes a critical challenge, especially in high-demand processes like yeast growth or citric acid production. Even a fully saturated broth may offer only a few seconds of oxygen availability.To address this, sterile or scrubbed air is introduced into the...
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Energy-Efficient Biochar Activation in a Fluidized Bed Reactor Using CO2-Air Mixed Atmospheres.

Reyhane Aghaei-Dinani1, Neda Asasian-Kolur1, Michael Harasek1

  • 1Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/166, A-1060 Vienna, Austria.

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Summary

This study introduces CO2-air co-activation for biochar, an energy-efficient method for creating high-performance adsorbents. This process optimizes porosity and reduces energy demand, offering a practical alternative to conventional activation techniques.

Keywords:
CO2–air co-activationbiochar activationenergy-efficient processfluidized bed reactorpore structure developmentthermodynamic analysis

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Biochar activation is crucial for adsorbent performance but conventional methods are energy-intensive.
  • Using air as an activating agent presents control challenges.
  • Developing energy-efficient and controllable activation processes is essential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate CO2-air co-activation as an energy-efficient alternative for biochar activation.
  • To optimize reaction conditions for producing high-performance biochar adsorbents.
  • To evaluate the energy efficiency and process stability of CO2-air co-activation.

Main Methods:

  • Laboratory-scale fluidized bed reactor experiments were conducted at 750-850 °C.
  • Varying gas flow rates with a constant CO2/O2 ratio were tested.
  • Aspen Plus simulations were used to analyze thermodynamic behavior.

Main Results:

  • Optimal biochar properties were achieved at 800 °C with 0.2-0.3 L/min CO2 flow.
  • Maximum BET surface area reached 479 m²/g with 42% micropore contribution.
  • CO2-air co-activation exhibited near-thermoneutral to mildly exothermic behavior, reducing energy demand by 60-70% compared to CO2-only activation.

Conclusions:

  • CO2-air co-activation is a practical and energy-efficient method for producing high-quality activated biochar.
  • This process allows for controlled porosity development and improved process stability.
  • The findings demonstrate a significant reduction in external energy requirements for biochar activation.