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Updated: Feb 28, 2026

Creating and Applying a Reference to Facilitate the Discussion and Classification of Proteins in a Diverse Group
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Renaming the 'OS-D/CSP' Family (Part 1): '4-Cysteine Soluble Proteins' (4CSPs)-Molecular Nomenclature, Structure,

Guoxia Liu1, Botong Sun2,3, Wei Fan2

  • 1Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China.

Insects
|February 27, 2026
PubMed

Keywords:
4-Cysteine Soluble Protein4CSPadaptationgene structureimmune responseinsecticide resistanceprotein evolutionubiquitous expression

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