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Related Concept Videos

Pulse rhythm01:30

Pulse rhythm

Pulse rhythm refers to the pattern of pulsations within specific intervals, offering valuable insights into the regularity or irregularity of the heart's beats as observed through the pattern of pulsation within specific intervals. A regular pulse exhibits a consistent heart rate with uniform waveforms and pulsation force, variations of which can be classified as normal, weak, or bounding.
Conversely, an irregular pulse pattern is termed dysrhythmia, stemming from disruptions in cardiac muscle...
Errors occurring during blood pressure monitoring01:25

Errors occurring during blood pressure monitoring

Blood pressure monitoring is a crucial clinical procedure in diagnosing and managing various cardiovascular conditions. Despite its significance, the accuracy of blood pressure measurements can be compromised by multiple factors, potentially leading to either falsely high or low readings. These inaccuracies are critical as they can significantly impact patient care. So, it is vital to understand these challenges deeply and adopt strategic approaches to minimize errors.
Several factors...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

Real-Time Assessment of Spinal Cord Microperfusion in a Porcine Model of Ischemia/Reperfusion
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Microcirculation Monitoring in Septic Shock: Focused Review.

Viktorija Serova1, Mara Klibus1, Zbignevs Marcinkevics2

  • 1Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Clinical Simulations, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia.

Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)
|February 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Microcirculatory monitoring in septic shock offers vital insights beyond traditional methods. Bedside optical tools like perfusion index (PI) and automated capillary refill time (aCRT) show promise for guiding resuscitation and improving patient outcomes.

Keywords:
capillary refill timehemodynamic monitoringmicrocirculationoptical technologiesperfusion indexseptic shock

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Area of Science:

  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Hemodynamics
  • Microcirculation Research

Background:

  • Septic shock presents significant mortality (25-40%) due to circulatory and cellular dysfunction, often persisting despite standard resuscitation.
  • Macrohemodynamic normalization frequently fails to restore tissue perfusion, termed hemodynamic incoherence, highlighting limitations of systemic monitoring.
  • Persistent microcirculatory dysfunction is a key driver of organ failure and poor prognosis in septic shock.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current evidence on microcirculatory monitoring in septic shock.
  • To emphasize the role of bedside and emerging optical technologies as adjuncts to traditional hemodynamic assessment.
  • To evaluate their utility in perfusion-targeted resuscitation strategies.

Main Methods:

  • A concept-driven literature search of PubMed/MEDLINE (2015-2026) was conducted using terms for septic shock, microcirculation, and monitoring.
  • Foundational pre-2015 studies were included for historical context.
  • Thematic qualitative synthesis was applied to screened articles following PRISMA guidelines.

Main Results:

  • Septic shock involves microcirculatory alterations (reduced capillary density, perfusion heterogeneity) that persist despite corrected macrohemodynamics.
  • Bedside markers like capillary refill time (CRT) and mottling correlate better with microvascular recovery than lactate.
  • Optical technologies (PPG, PI, aCRT, LSCI, NIRS) offer non-invasive insights, with PI and aCRT showing prognostic and early incoherence detection value.

Conclusions:

  • Microcirculatory monitoring provides crucial, complementary data to macrohemodynamic assessment in septic shock.
  • Emerging bedside tools (PI, aCRT) are nearing routine clinical adoption, with multimodal integration enabling personalized management.
  • Future research needs to focus on standardization, AI-driven analysis, and large randomized trials to confirm outcome benefits.