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The cell fragments known as platelets are disc-shaped, with an average diameter of about 3 μm and a thickness of roughly 1 μm. They play a crucial role in the body's vascular clotting system, which also involves plasma proteins, blood cells, and blood vessel tissues.
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Characterization of Leukocyte-platelet Rich Fibrin, A Novel Biomaterial
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Beyond Platelet Count: Rethinking Platelet-Rich Plasma Efficacy Through Growth Factor Biology and Functional Quality.

Fábio Ramos Costa1, Joseph Purita2, Rubens Martins3

  • 1Department of Orthopedics, FC Sports Traumatology, Salvador 40296-210, BA, Brazil.

Life (Basel, Switzerland)
|February 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) efficacy depends on more than just platelet count. Functional platelet quality and growth-factor bioactivity are crucial for consistent therapeutic outcomes in regenerative medicine.

Keywords:
growth factorsplatelet qualityplatelet-rich plasmaregenerative medicinestandardization

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Area of Science:

  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Biotechnology
  • Biomaterials

Background:

  • Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) efficacy is inconsistently linked to platelet concentration.
  • Current understanding overemphasizes platelet count, neglecting other critical factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To challenge the assumption that platelet count alone determines PRP efficacy.
  • To highlight the importance of functional platelet quality and growth-factor bioactivity.
  • To propose a shift towards bioactivity assessment for improved PRP standardization.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on PRP composition and function.
  • Analysis of factors influencing platelet quality and growth-factor release.
  • Discussion of implications for PRP standardization and clinical application.

Main Results:

  • Platelet count is insufficient to predict PRP's regenerative potential.
  • Donor biology, age, metabolic status, and oxidative stress impact platelet function.
  • Centrifugation, temperature, and activation methods affect growth-factor preservation.

Conclusions:

  • PRP efficacy is determined by both platelet number and quality, alongside growth-factor bioactivity.
  • Future standardization requires integrating platelet quality, growth-factor levels, and patient optimization.
  • Shifting focus to bioactivity assessment will enhance consistency and personalization in regenerative medicine.