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Related Concept Videos

Amnesia01:13

Amnesia

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Amnesia is a condition marked by long-term memory loss, which impairs the ability to recall past events or create new memories.
The severity and duration of memory loss vary depending on the type and underlying cause. Amnesia is classified into two main types: retrograde and anterograde.
Retrograde amnesia is marked by the loss of memories formed before the onset of the condition. Patients may recall distant past events but often forget those occurring shortly before the incident.
Anterograde...
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Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory01:26

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Memory is one of the most vital higher mental functions of the brain. Memory is closely related to learning because it enables us to retain information and experiences from our past to use them in our present life. It also helps us to remember facts, events, and skills, such as riding a bike or swimming. There are two types of memory — declarative memory, which involves memorizing facts or events, and procedural memory, which enables us to remember how to do something like writing or...
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Investigations on Alterations of Hippocampal Circuit Function Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
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Factors Affecting Recovery from Post-Traumatic Amnesia During Inpatient Brain Injury Rehabilitation: A Retrospective

Rathi Ratha Krishnan1,2,3, Yuhan Yang2,4, Emily Yee1,5

  • 1Institute of Rehabilitation Excellence (IREx), Tan Tock Seng Hospital, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore 308433, Singapore.

Life (Basel, Switzerland)
|February 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Older age and longer hospital stays increase the risk of prolonged post-traumatic amnesia (PTA) after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Shorter stays and younger age are linked to better outcomes and faster PTA emergence.

Keywords:
Westmead Post Traumatic Amnesia Scalefunctional independence measuregeriatricinpatientpost-traumatic amnesiarehabilitationtraumatic brain injury

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Trauma Surgery
  • Rehabilitation Medicine

Background:

  • Longer post-traumatic amnesia (PTA) in traumatic brain injury (TBI) correlates with adverse functional outcomes, cognitive deficits, and lasting disability.
  • Understanding factors influencing PTA duration is crucial for improving patient prognoses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate demographic, acute TBI, and rehabilitation factors associated with PTA duration and emergence in adult TBI patients.
  • To identify predictors of prolonged PTA to inform clinical management and rehabilitation strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study analyzing adult TBI patient records from April 2022 to May 2023.
  • Collected data included socio-demographics, TBI severity, and rehabilitation metrics (e.g., Functional Independence Measure - FIM).
  • Dependent variables were PTA duration (≤30 days vs. >30 days) and PTA emergence.

Main Results:

  • Older age (≥55 years) significantly increased the likelihood of prolonged PTA (5.6 times).
  • Longer acute length of stay (ALOS) was a strong predictor, with each additional day increasing prolonged PTA odds by 1.15.
  • Lower admission FIM scores (≤40) were associated with a 3.35 times higher risk of prolonged PTA.

Conclusions:

  • Older age at TBI onset and extended ALOS are significant risk factors for prolonged PTA.
  • Higher admission FIM scores, younger age, and shorter ALOS are associated with reduced PTA duration.
  • These findings highlight the importance of age and acute care duration in TBI recovery.