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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 28, 2026

Three-Dimensional Finger Motion Tracking during Needling: A Solution for the Kinematic Analysis of Acupuncture Manipulation

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Toward a Phenotype-Driven Continuum Model in Trigger Finger: Proposing a Sonographic Framework for Personalized

Sang-Hyun Kim¹, Jihyo Hwang², Yonghyun Yoon^2,3,4,5,6

¹College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk University, 443, Samnye-ro, Samnye-eup, Wanju_gun, Jeonju 55338, Republic of Korea.

Life (Basel, Switzerland)

|February 27, 2026

Summary

A new framework for trigger finger (TF) management uses ultrasound to identify specific pathologies, guiding tailored treatments from conservative care to interventions like hydrodissection for better outcomes.

Keywords:

A1 pulley sonographic phenotyping stenosing tenosynovitis trigger finger ultrasonography ultrasound-guided interventions

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Area of Science:

Orthopedics
Musculoskeletal Imaging
Regenerative Medicine

Background:

The traditional A1 pulley-centric approach inadequately addresses the diverse pathologies in trigger finger (TF).
Heterogeneous conditions include isolated pulley stenosis, tendon degeneration, and impaired tendon-sheath gliding.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a testable, phenotype-driven framework for trigger finger management.
Integrate anatomy, biomechanics, and ultrasound interventions for a novel clinical model.

Main Methods:

Comprehensive literature synthesis (2010-2025) on trigger finger pathology and treatments.
Development of a continuum model based on origin-to-insertion assessment of the flexor apparatus.
Pragmatic ultrasound phenotyping into pulley-dominant, tendon-dominant, and mixed patterns.

Main Results:

A stepwise, phenotype-matched management pathway is proposed.
Includes conservative care, ultrasound-guided injections, and adjuncts like hydrodissection, prolotherapy, and ESWT.
Percutaneous or open release is indicated for confirmed A1 pulley stenosis.

Conclusions:

The proposed framework is a testable hypothesis for standardized reporting and comparative trials.
Emphasizes matching interventions to specific sonographic phenotypes (pulley-dominant, tendon-dominant, mixed).
Guides research priorities for reliability testing and phenotype-stratified comparative effectiveness studies.