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Related Concept Videos

Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
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Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...
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Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications01:15

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For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is...
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Related Experiment Video

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Microvascular Dysfunction in Patients with Prediabetes: Novel Methods Identify Impaired Microcirculation.

Stamatina Lamprou1, Nikolaos Evangelidis1, Nikolaos Koletsos2

  • 1First Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Hypertension Outpatient Clinic and ESH Excellence Centre of First Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece.

Life (Basel, Switzerland)
|February 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Prediabetes impairs skin and heart microvascular function, even without cardiovascular disease. Laser speckle contrast analysis (LASCA) and subendocardial viability ratio (SEVR) can detect this early dysfunction.

Keywords:
dysglycemiaearly microvascular dysfunctionlaser speckle contrast analysismyocardial microcirculationprediabetesskin microcirculationsubclinical cardiovascular diseasesubendocardial viability ratio

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Endocrinology
  • Nephrology

Background:

  • Microvascular dysfunction in prediabetes is underexplored across multiple vascular beds.
  • Limited studies have investigated microcirculation changes in prediabetes.
  • This study compares microvascular alterations in prediabetes, type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), and controls.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine microvascular alterations in patients with prediabetes, type 2 DM, and normoglycemic controls.
  • To assess microvascular reactivity in skin, myocardium, retina, and kidneys.
  • To identify early, subclinical microvascular dysfunction in prediabetes.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study assessing microcirculation using noninvasive techniques.
  • Skin microvascular reactivity evaluated by laser speckle contrast analysis (LASCA).
  • Myocardial perfusion assessed by subendocardial viability ratio (SEVR); retinal, renal, and peripheral microvasculature also evaluated.

Main Results:

  • Prediabetes and DM patients showed reduced skin flux responses (LASCA) and lower SEVR values compared to controls.
  • No significant differences in retinal, renal, or peripheral microvascular indices were found.
  • Systolic blood pressure and glucose were linked to skin microvascular dysfunction; heart rate and arteriovenous ratio to SEVR.

Conclusions:

  • Impaired skin and myocardial microvascular function observed in prediabetes patients without overt cardiovascular disease.
  • LASCA and SEVR may serve as sensitive markers for early, subclinical microvascular dysfunction detection in prediabetes.
  • Findings highlight the importance of assessing microvascular health in prediabetes management.