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Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

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Sensory innervation of the knee joint: a narrative review of articular branch mapping and sensory receptor distribution.

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Robotic-assisted bone cuts guided by intraoperative load sensors for ligament balancing in restricted kinematic alignment total knee arthroplasty: A retrospective study with 2-year follow-up.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 28, 2026

In Vitro Application of a Wireless Sensor in Flexion-Extension Gap Balance of Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty
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Robotic Total Knee Replacement: Single-Centre, Prospective, Non-Randomised Comparative Study Comparing Restricted

César Tourtoulou1, Julien Bardou-Jacquet2, François Blaquière2

  • 1Service Chirurgie Orthopédique et Traumatologique, CHU Bordeaux Pellegrin, Place Amélie Raba-Léon, 33000 Bordeaux, France.

Journal of Clinical Medicine
|February 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Robotic-assisted total knee arthroplasty (TKA) using functional alignment (FA) and restricted kinematic alignment with a load sensor (rKA/sensor) showed no significant differences in patient outcomes at one year. Further large-scale studies are needed to validate these findings for TKA procedures.

Keywords:
kinematic alignmentload sensorrobotic surgerytotal knee arthroplasty

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Robotic Surgery
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) effectively treats end-stage knee arthritis but up to 20% of patients report dissatisfaction.
  • Suboptimal limb alignment and ligament imbalance are potential causes for TKA dissatisfaction.
  • Robotic assistance offers personalized approaches to TKA, aiming to improve outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare clinical outcomes between two robotic-assisted TKA techniques: functional alignment (FA) and restricted kinematic alignment with a load sensor (rKA/sensor).
  • To evaluate patient-reported outcomes including the 2011 Knee Society Score (KSS) and Forgotten Joint Score (FJS) at one year post-operatively.

Main Methods:

  • A single-center, prospective, comparative study involving 43 patients in the FA group and 47 in the rKA/sensor group.
  • Clinical outcomes assessed at 1 month and 1 year, including VAS pain, flexion, ROM, KSS, and FJS.
  • Robotic-assisted bone re-cutting with a load sensor for ligament balancing in the rKA/sensor group.

Main Results:

  • No statistically significant differences were found in 2011 KSS or FJS at 1 year between the FA and rKA/sensor groups.
  • Multivariate analysis revealed no independent association of either technique with KSS scores (Objective Knee Indicators, Patient Satisfaction, Patient Expectations, Functional Activities) or FJS.
  • All measured outcomes showed no significant differences between the two robotic-assisted TKA techniques.

Conclusions:

  • Robotic-assisted FA TKA and rKA/sensor TKA demonstrate comparable clinical outcomes at one year post-operatively.
  • This study is the first to compare these specific robotic-assisted TKA techniques.
  • Larger studies are recommended to validate these findings and avoid potential type 2 errors.