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Related Experiment Video

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Circulating Extracellular Vesicles Downregulate NOS3 Expression in Endothelial Cells in Atrial Fibrillation.

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|February 27, 2026
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Atrial fibrillation (AF) increases circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs), which may impair endothelial function. These EVs, particularly from stressed heart cells, reduce key gene expression in blood vessel cells, suggesting a novel mechanism for AF-related vascular issues.

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NOS3atrial fibrillationendothelial dysfunctionextracellular vesicles

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Biology
  • Endothelial Function
  • Extracellular Vesicles

Background:

  • Atrial fibrillation (AF) is linked to endothelial dysfunction, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood.
  • Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are key mediators of intercellular communication.
  • This study explores the role of EVs in AF-associated endothelial dysfunction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between atrial fibrillation (AF) and endothelial dysfunction.
  • To determine the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in AF-related endothelial dysfunction.
  • To examine the impact of EVs from AF patients and stressed cardiomyocytes on endothelial cells.

Main Methods:

  • Vascular endothelial function was assessed using peripheral arterial tonometry in patients with sinus rhythm (SR), premature ventricular contractions (PVCs), and AF.
  • Plasma-derived EVs were isolated from these patient groups.
  • Cardiomyocytes were paced irregularly or regularly, and EVs were isolated and applied to endothelial cells to measure vasoactive gene expression, including NOS3 mRNA.

Main Results:

  • Patients with AF exhibited significantly lower reactive hyperemia index (RHI) values compared to SR patients, indicating endothelial dysfunction.
  • Plasma EV concentration was significantly higher in AF patients than in SR patients.
  • EVs from AF patients and from rapidly paced cardiomyocytes reduced NOS3 mRNA expression in endothelial cells.

Conclusions:

  • Circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) are elevated in atrial fibrillation (AF).
  • Increased EVs in AF may contribute to impaired endothelial function.
  • EVs represent a potential mechanistic link between AF and vascular dysfunction.