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Cancer Risk in Patients with Acromegaly: Insights from a Single Center in Ankara
Murat Cinel1, Ozgur Demir1, Rovsan Hasenov1
1Endocrinology Department, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, 06000 Ankara, Turkey.
Journal of Clinical Medicine
|February 27, 2026
Summary
Acromegaly patients have a high cancer risk, with well-differentiated thyroid cancer being the most common malignancy. This increased cancer risk did not correlate with disease severity or patient characteristics in this study.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Oncology
Background:
- Acromegaly, characterized by excess growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), is linked to increased cancer risk, though data are conflicting.
- Cancer is the third leading cause of death in acromegaly patients, highlighting the need for further research.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the risk of various cancers in patients with acromegaly.
- To investigate the influence of disease control and patient outcomes on cancer risk over time.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of 78 acromegaly patients diagnosed between 2015-2019.
- Data collected included demographics, adenoma size, GH/IGF-1 levels, and cancer screening results (thyroid ultrasound, PSA, mammography, colonoscopy).
Main Results:
- Cancer was detected in 21.7% of patients, with well-differentiated thyroid cancer (14.1%) being the most frequent.
- Breast cancer occurred in 5.1% of female patients; other cancers were rare.
- No correlation was found between cancer risk and age, sex, disease duration, GH/IGF-1 levels, or adenoma size.
Conclusions:
- Well-differentiated thyroid cancer is the most common malignancy in Turkish acromegaly patients.
- The study did not identify specific factors correlating with increased cancer risk in acromegaly.
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