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Updated: Feb 28, 2026

Sandy Soil Improvement through Microbially Induced Calcite Precipitation MICP by Immersion
Published on: September 12, 2019
Optimization of Microbial-Induced Carbonate Precipitation Parameters for Strength, Durability, and Environmental
Peiyao Sun1, Xiaodi Hu1, Jiaxi He2
1School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China.
Abstract:
This study investigates the mechanical properties, moisture stability, and environmental safety of microbial-induced carbonate precipitation (MICP)-treated phosphogypsum (PG)-based mixtures (MPGT) for road base utilization. Optimal cementation solution concentrations and bacterial-to-cementation solution ratios were determined via unconfined compressive strength (UCS), California bearing ratio (CBR), and splitting tensile strength tests. Durability was compared with untreated mixtures, and enhancement mechanisms were analyzed using XRD, SEM, and FTIR. Additionally, toxicity leaching tests evaluated environmental safety. Results indicated optimal parameters of 2.0 mol/L cementation solution and a 2:1 bacterial/cementation solution ratio for maximum mechanical strength. Under these conditions, MPGT durability significantly improved compared to untreated mixtures. Mechanism analysis revealed that MICP-generated calcium carbonate coats PG particles and fills voids, enhancing strength and durability. Furthermore, F- and PO43- leaching concentrations were significantly reduced. In summary, MICP improves the mechanical performance, durability, and environmental safety of PG-based mixtures, promoting PG recycling in road engineering.
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