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A Novel Bicistronic Adenovirus Vaccine Elicits Superior and Comprehensive Protection Against BVDV
Mingguo Xu1, Chuangfu Chen1, Hengyun Gao1
1College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China.
Microorganisms
|February 27, 2026
Summary
Novel adenovirus vaccines targeting Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) demonstrated superior immunogenicity and protection in mice compared to traditional vaccines. These BVDV vaccines significantly reduced viral loads and prevented tissue damage.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Virology
- Immunology
- Vaccine Development
Background:
- Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) causes significant economic losses in the cattle industry.
- Existing vaccines have limitations in efficacy.
- Novel vaccine strategies are needed for effective BVDV control.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and evaluate novel bicistronic recombinant adenoviruses as vaccines against BVDV.
- To assess the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of these candidate vaccines in a mouse model.
Main Methods:
- Construction of two bicistronic recombinant adenoviruses: rAdV-I E0+I E2 and rAdV-I E2+II E2.
- Evaluation of humoral and cellular immune responses in BALB/c mice.
- Assessment of protection against BVDV challenge, including viral load determination and histopathological analysis.
Main Results:
- Both recombinant adenoviruses induced robust neutralizing antibody responses, superior to a commercial inactivated vaccine.
- A potent Th1-skewed cellular immune response with increased IFN-γ secretion was observed.
- Vaccination significantly reduced BVDV loads in multiple tissues and prevented pathological damage in the duodenum and spleen.
Conclusions:
- The developed adenovirus-vectored vaccines, particularly rAdV-I E2+II E2, elicit strong, multifaceted immune responses against BVDV.
- These vaccines offer promising broad protection and represent a potential advancement over current BVDV vaccines.
