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Pesticides often feature structurally complex chemical architectures, incorporating halogen groups and multiple aromatic rings. These characteristics confer high chemical stability, rendering many pesticides resistant to natural degradation processes. This resistance poses significant environmental concerns, as persistent pesticide residues can accumulate in ecosystems and affect non-target organisms.Despite the inherent stability of many pesticides, certain microorganisms possess the metabolic...
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Area of Science:

  • Environmental microbiology
  • Public health
  • Water quality assessment

Background:

  • Global water crisis necessitates water reuse, requiring updated regulations for public health protection.
  • Scientific evidence supports refining water quality parameters for effective monitoring.
  • Previous research suggested Norovirus genogroups I and II as potential indicators for wastewater treatment efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate Norovirus genogroups I and II, Hepatitis A, and Hepatitis E viruses as water quality indicators.
  • To assess the occurrence of Clostridioides difficile alongside established parameters in wastewater.
  • To investigate the suitability of these pathogens as microbial indicators for water reuse safety.

Main Methods:

  • Real-time PCR was used to detect enteric viruses (Norovirus GI/GII, HAV, HEV).
  • Clostridioides difficile and standard microbiological parameters were quantified.
  • Samples were collected from two wastewater treatment stages and reused water.
  • Bioluminescence-based bioassay was employed for water quality evaluation.

Main Results:

  • Norovirus genogroup II and Clostridioides difficile were detected in wastewater and reused water samples.
  • The study demonstrated the presence of these pathogens using molecular and microbiological techniques.
  • Bioluminescence assay provided additional water quality insights.

Conclusions:

  • Norovirus genogroup II and Clostridioides difficile are proposed as complementary microbial indicators for water reuse safety.
  • Findings support the integration of these indicators within European regulatory frameworks.
  • This study provides a proof-of-concept for enhanced water quality monitoring strategies.