Mapping the Second Victim Experience Among Western Nurses: A Scoping Review.

Area of Science:

• Healthcare Professionals
• Nursing
• Patient Safety

Background:

• The second victim phenomenon significantly impacts nurses post-adverse events.
• Nurses, as second victims, experience emotional and psychological distress.
• Existing support for second victims is often insufficient.

Purpose of the Study:

• To map recent evidence on the second victim phenomenon among nurses in Western countries.
• To identify the challenges and consequences faced by nurses as second victims.

Main Methods:

• A comprehensive Scoping Review was conducted using Joanna Briggs Institute methodology.
• Searches were performed across major databases (PubMed, CINAHL, SciELO, Scopus).
• Data were synthesized using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis, following PRISMA-ScR guidelines.

Main Results:

• 39 articles met inclusion criteria, revealing widespread second victim experiences.
• Support programs for nurses are often perceived as inadequate or inconsistently applied.
• Second victim phenomenon is linked to physical, emotional, and psychological symptoms, impacting retention and well-being.

Conclusions:

• There is a critical need for enhanced, accessible, and consistently implemented support strategies.
• Addressing the second victim phenomenon is essential for nurse well-being and healthcare system stability.
• Further research should focus on developing and evaluating effective interventions for second victim nurses.