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Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

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The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
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In statistical epidemiology and health sciences, two essential metrics—prevalence and incidence—are fundamental for understanding disease dynamics within a population. These measures enable public health officials, epidemiologists, and researchers to assess the burden of diseases, allocate resources effectively, and design impactful public health policies and interventions.
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Relative Risk01:12

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Relative risk (RR) is a statistical measure commonly used in epidemiology to compare the likelihood of a particular event occurring between two groups. This metric is important for evaluating the relationship between exposure to a specific risk factor and the probability of a particular outcome. It plays a crucial role in medical research, public health studies, and risk assessment. Relative risk quantifies how much more (or less) likely an event is to occur in an exposed group compared to an...
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Updated: Feb 28, 2026

Multiplexed Isothermal Amplification Based Diagnostic Platform to Detect Zika, Chikungunya, and Dengue 1
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Increased Mortality Rates During the 2025 Chikungunya Epidemic in Réunion Island.

André Ricardo Ribas Freitas1, Luana Hughes Freitas2, Antonio Silva Lima Neto3,4

  • 1Curso de Medicina, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Instituto de Pesquisa São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas 13045-755, SP, Brazil.

Viruses
|February 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) outbreaks cause significant excess deaths, particularly in older adults, exceeding routine surveillance estimates. Accurate assessment requires excess mortality analysis to reduce preventable deaths.

Keywords:
Réunion Islandarboviruseschikungunya virusemerging infectious diseasesexcess mortalitypublic health surveillanceunderreporting

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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) historically considered low-fatality, but recent epidemics show substantial mortality.
  • A major CHIKV outbreak in 2025 on Réunion Island highlighted concerns about its fatal impact.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze all-cause mortality during the 2025 chikungunya epidemic on Réunion Island.
  • To quantify excess deaths associated with the CHIKV outbreak and identify vulnerable populations.

Main Methods:

  • Ecological time-series analysis of all-cause mortality.
  • Estimation of expected deaths using age-specific rates and Poisson regression models.
  • Calculation of excess mortality by comparing observed to expected deaths.

Main Results:

  • An estimated 208 excess deaths occurred during the three-month epidemic peak.
  • Excess mortality was concentrated among older adults, with a mortality rate ratio of 1.34.
  • Routine surveillance underestimated chikungunya-associated mortality, revealing a significant discrepancy.

Conclusions:

  • CHIKV epidemics are linked to substantial, underrecognized mortality globally.
  • Routine surveillance underestimates the true disease burden.
  • Excess mortality analysis is crucial for accurate assessment and mitigation of CHIKV outbreaks.